How to Evaluate Marketing Strategy and Few More Recommendations

Questions: The final stage of the marketing audit is for you to evaluate how well the marketing mix of the organisation is performing for your chosen organisation. NB: as before, if you have a large range of product offerings, it is a good idea to focus on just one.discuss the following: 1. Outline and describe the 8 marketing mix concepts theoretically and apply the components to one of your products offerings. As part of your application be sure to explain and evaluate all of the 8ps of marketing (product, prices, promotion, distribution, partnerships, people, processes and physical evidence). 2. Given your evaluation of your overall marketing strategies, the competition and broader contemporary issues facing marketers today, provide recommendations for your organisation. Your recommendations should focus on each of the 8ps and illustrate how contemporary issues may impact on your organisation and its marketing strategy. Answers: Introduction The Australian automobiles manufacturing company GM Holden Ltd dates back its establishment as early as the mid-19th century when its chief business operations focused on manufacturing saddles. In the year 1908, they moved into the automobiles manufacturing field. Later on in the year 1931 it became a subsidiary of United States of America's General Motor and became the General Motors-Holden's Ltd. The current name of the company i.e. GM Holden Ltd was taken in the year 2005. This essay aims to analyze the company and to recommend marketing strategies for the Holden cars company. At present, Holden cars are responsible for all the vehicular operations of General Motors in Australasia. As a result of this Holden held a partial ownership of the General Motors Daewoo and their operations in South Korea from 2002 to 2009. The company's expertise lies in the production of vehicles in its on a base of operations, and also the distribution of imported General Motors vehicles. As per the recent reports Holden cars have been reported to have to sell its productions like the Caprice, Commodore, and Ute along with, imported General Motors models like the Isuzu, Chevrolet, Opel, Nissan, Toyota, Suzuki, and Vauxhall Motors. The company has been in the business of exporting vehicles since the 1950s. However, there have been fluctuations in their exports over the years. With the decline in the number of sales in the country the company seeks to adopt new marketing strategies that will help it in increasing its sales rates. Furthermore, on December 11th, 2013 leaders of Holden Cars announced that the company will cease its automobile manufacturing operations and will focus more on the imports, exports and domestic sales of its vehicles. Therefore, a recommendation for this future endeavor of theirs is also included in this essay. Before stressing on the marketing ideas and the recommendations, it is necessary to analyze a few issues that directly affect the automobile sales industry. Lists of issues that are at present considered to play a crucial role in the recent downfall in the automobile sales industry are present as under: Issues affecting the Automobile sales industry adversely: The automobile companies are now facing challenges to get to the highest peak of profits, and thus, they are pushing themselves forward by recruiting the best automobiles engineers around along with some of the most qualified managers with such area of expertise(Armstrong Kotler, 2000). Innovation and its need: To attain some achievements in this particular sector, a company has to go through different stages and stepping forward without any flaws. Several competitors in the automobile industries are making a follow up to the previous versions of the vehicles produced by that company or might be some other company too. This may come in handy for some reasons, but they fail to surprise the buyers. In such cases, innovations play a key role to promote their presentation and to grab a buyer's attention quickly. That may not necessarily be new inventions to put through, but could be a modification of certain parts. Each member of the organization should come up with good innovative ideas to implement on their productionsBrambilla, I. (2005). A customs union with multinational firms. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Demand estimation: A rising automobile company will probably come with more difficult situations such as management of demand issues. As mention above, with the rise of industries and development in technology, peoples demands have also made a vast growth from the past few years. Companies will always come up with a complexity to forecast and meet publics demand. Without proper management and overlooking what people demand, buyers may ignore the brand and move on to others. To avoid such failure in marketing their goods, the company has to make a proper estimation of the demand. New cars with upgraded features which might take years to get built could be a complex matter. That is why a company should make good estimations of the demands before the launch. This may bring a good hope to the company that they will get a hold of demographic, technological, and most importantly, the economic assumptions (Dencic-Mihajlov, 2013). The factor of cost: Cost price of the vehicles also matters a lot for the buyers who make them compare prizes of the models through various sources. In such cases, an automobile company has to put in mind that they should price tag their productions at a negotiable value but that certainly does not mean to make their cars cheaper and attain a loss. It should vary on the vehicles parts and features they are putting through. Some of the markets take the price value a little more seriously and stretch it as far as it can go. They have to make an observation of the mindset of the buyers and also their choices on the technological aspects so that the company should work it through depending on their budget. The buyers should not be put through the economic burden which makes them vulnerable. Cutting off the price a little should not be a problem for the markets. The issues presented above illustrate the dilemma manufactures and retailers face these days in the Automobile sales industry. The solution is to promote marketing strategies that would attract buyers and overseas clients for the large business operations Holden Cars run. In addition, as already mentioned in the introductory part of this article that the company is looking forward to ceasing its manufacturing business and focus all its attention on the automobile sales in near future, it is essential to incorporate marketing strategies that would help the Holden cars to gain a firm ground on the automobile sales business (Dholakia, 2015). Marketing strategy and recommendations: Marketing and other promotional aspects can always help a company to make a wide presentation of their cars. People at home who read newspapers and magazines will take a good look at the cars which they can afford to buy and will certainly get their attention at once. Presenting some of the best features along with the price will be a big deal; the people will be able to assess the amount they are going to spend and the features they will be availing from that expense. Some bright offers might make the buyers get a quick view of the cars and get knowledge of what they are going to buy. Other than that, televisions and leaflets also play a vital role in promoting a company's automobiles (Grewal Levy, 2010). These are some of the textbook marketing concepts that the company has followed till date. However, to attain its target i.e. a leading enterprise in automobile sales, there are a few more recommendations along with their critical analysis on the ways these were effective and the ways these will be effective when adopted and executed by Holden cars (Jovanovic, 2004). Promotional activities before the launch of new products: Promotional activities are undoubtedly the best possible way to get a new product acquainted with the people. In this case, as well promotional activities will certainly help the company in getting their new products acquainted with the people targeted for the marketing purpose. This will help the people develop an understanding of the product that company is about to launch, which in turn will enhance the probability of them to want' the product. This is the actual purpose of a promotional activity i.e. to let the people know about the product in a manner that they feel the urge to purchase the product. As based on Steve Jobss theory that the people do not know the kind of products they wanted until the product has been brought in front of them. Therefore, promotional activities in generating a demand in the market for a new product will certainly be a good marketing approach (Kerin, 2006). Considering the 1992 case study of Renault Clio, it has been established that promotional activities before the launch of a new product or model are a great strategy. In this inauspicious scenario the automobile company, Renault faced a great challenge in the decline in their sales of new vehicles by 21% with each passing year. At that time, the British economy was in a state of despair, and being a major purchaser of imported vehicles, the UK buyers showed their reluctance when it came for the automobile sales companies to make their sales to them. Approximate figures of 29% of the buyers from the UK were refusing to purchase new cars. Therefore, in a cataclysmic scenario (for automobile sales industries) the upcoming Renault model Clio, which was estimated to cost a figure that would have been 20% more than the previous models, seemed a bit over-burdening. As the economy was in the state of despair, and being an import oriented economy, the nation was in no state of taking such ris k at that moment. However, the dilemma regarding Clio's launch in the market was resolved with a unique promotional campaign model known as the "Nicole and Papa." The promotional activity consisted of a television advertisement, which gave a brief yet an attractive presentation on the new product (Kotler, 2000). The advertisement did not bear any technical information about the product; it just presented to the people a something that they would love to possess. The results were unexpected as the promotional activity defied all recessionary blues prevailing in the then UK economy and went on to achieve 1.5% more than what had been targeted from the standing start. Extending the product cycle: It is highly recommend adopting marketing strategies that would extend the product cycle. However, a product that is genuinely adored in the market will automatically have an extending product life. This is due to two factors: The overall quality and price of the product: Quality in the automobile vehicles is an essential thing. The better the quality and the more adoration it receives, and thus, extending its product cycle. The price of the product affects this concept as well, since, people always desire to purchase a commodity that has an assured quality and also comes within their affordability. Therefore, keeping a balance between these two aspects will certainly make the product a popular one in the market and further, extend the product cycle (Wooliscroft, 2011). The promotional and marketing activity: Studying the case of Renault Clio it has been observed that although the vehicle was launched in the early 1990s, it had an extremely extensive product cycle that lasted until the end of the millennium. The strategy was to promote the same strategies over and over again and at different stages of time. The same advertisement i.e. the phenomenal "Nicole and Papa" advertisement was broadcasted to remind the people of the quality product that Renault Clio was (Midgley, 2002). Holden Cars should also focus on such initiatives for the products, after making an analysis of their products, and assessing the quality and capability of the product on which this market campaign can be implemented on. Furthermore, they can repeat the promotional campaign on different overseas markets, depending on the type of economy the country has. This would require carefully planned steps as, the company will have to keep an eye on the deteriorating value of the product and the overseas market that help them to score profit from the targeted sales (Milisavljevic, 2013). Also, as the company already possesses the tools that were used in the very first promotional activity of the product, they would not need to expend further costs on developing those again. The company can implement the marketing strategy as per their market analysis in the domestic market as well. If they observe a pattern which indicates that the product will be able to generate further revenue from the domestic market, then they can use the domestic market again. This analysis can be done by: Using a survey process, both on field and telecommunication based survey would help (Planit, 2007). Using using the existing customer database, the company can use their existing customer database to create a returning customer. For instance, the company can offer them an exchange offer based on a discount on the same product. This will not only be satisfactory to the customer, but also the company will be able to retain its product, which then can be serviced thoroughly and can put up for sale again. This would help the company in cutting out their production costs as well. Moreover, as Holden cars have already announced that they are going cease all of their production operations and focus on being an automobile sales company, they would certainly benefit from incorporating this particular idea. Since they will not be engaging in the production procedure, they can retain some of their products those were originally manufactured by them and put them up for sale again thus, extending the product cycle (Plunkett, 2003). Marketing to analyze the market demands: Analyzing the market demands is one of the crucial aspects the company should keep in mind. At present the company Holden Cars is engaged in both: The sales of self-produced vehicles The sales of imported vehicle models (Stark, 2005). Analyzing the market demand is going to be fruitful for both the sales processes. To start with, the company can use marketing activities that would incorporate a pre-order facility to its targeted market. Before the production the company certainly had a figure on a number of products they will be producing at the beginning (Sandhusen, 2000). The number of pre-orders they will be receiving from this marketing strategy will ascertain the figure of the total sales they are assured to expect at the very start. This will help them minimize the risk factors that most of the products face at their launch. Apart from this, if the company has not yet decided on a number of products they will be producing before heading to the market, the company will get an estimation of the market demand they will be facing with the launch of their product. This, in turn, will not only help them stipulate the amount of products which are to be manufactured but also if need be cancellation of the manufactur ing of a product, based on the market analysis and if it reflects adversely(Richter, 2002). As presented in the paragraph above, estimating market demands will be helpful in the importation process of the products. Holden Cars import vehicles manufactured by General Motors with the view to make sales in the Australasian market. Prior estimation on the number of products that they will be importing for their sales purpose can be achieved using implementing this concept. Since, the company is going to focus on the automobile import, and export sales for the same brand they are doing now, they will be able to avoid unnecessary risk factors, and minimize the unavoidable ones. The marketing strategy will attract the prospective customers, who in turn will be asked to make pre-orders on their desired products. This will guarantee the company with an absolute amount of sale and will also create a prospective market for that particular product. The prospective market will have its foundation on the marketing activity. As the target of the marketing endeavor was to generate pre-orde rs, the marketing activity will be approaching people and seek to implant in their minds the seed of desire for possessing the product. Those who will succumb to this desire will place their pre-orders and become prospective customers, and those who did not succumb will not go to waste but will consist to be the prospective market. As these people had the desire to purchase the product but did not want to make a pre-order will certainly look forward to making their purchases as soon as the product is available for purchase in the market. Conclusion Holden Cars Ltd has been a leading and heavyweight name in the automobile manufacturing and selling business. Having decades of experience in peddling automotive products the company wishes to focus on the sales trade only shortly. The future of automobiles is taking turns and is running hand in hand with technology nowadays. Markets are flourishing with vehicles with their upgraded parts and highly appreciated technical aspects. With the rise of demands for cars and other vehicles, consumers are looking forward to buying the best one, and the vehicles' brand is the first thing they set their eyes on. In this era of fast growing economy, markets and some of the greatest automobile companies are competing to satisfy needs of the buyers. To fulfill consumer needs, the automobile companies are now rushing forward to come up with some great strategies and marketing methods. This was the purpose of this essay to provide an in-depth analysis that Holden Cars Ltd can incorporate in their ma rketing endeavors to achieve their entrepreneurial goals in the future. References Armstrong, G. Kotler, P. (2000). Marketing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Brambilla, I. (2005). A customs union with multinational firms. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Dencic-Mihajlov, K. (2013). Marketing of initial public offering. Marketing, 44(2), 137-148. Grewal, D. Levy, M. (2010). Marketing. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Jovanovic, B. (2004). The product cycle and inequality. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Kerin, R. (2006). Marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Kotler, P. (2000). Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Midgley, D. (2002). What to Codify: Marketing Science or Marketing Engineering?. Marketing Theory, 2(4), 363-368. Midgley, D. (2002). What to Codify: Marketing Science or Marketing Engineering?. Marketing Theory, 2(4), 363-368. Milisavljevic, M. (2013). Value oriented strategic marketing. Marketing, 44(4), 299-309. Plunkett, J. (2003). Plunkett's automobile industry almanac. Houston, TX.: Plunkett Research. Richter, T. (2002). Marketing mix standardisation in international marketing. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Sandhusen, R. (2000). Marketing. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Barron's. Stark, J. (2005). Product lifecycle management. London: Springer. Wooliscroft, B. (2011). Marketing theory as history. Marketing Theory, 11(4), 499-501.

The Most Important Aspect Of Your College Search

The college search process is more than just reading statistics and department curriculum notes on a university website - it’s also understanding the benefits of each school’s location and campus culture. If Harvard, Emerson, Reed, Vanderbilt, or Santa Clara is on your college list, here’s how current students feel about their school’s location and culture. Aohagan Harvard University ‘19 Harvards location in Cambridge, MA is ideal. The environment is urban, as it is only a 10 minute subway ride away from downtown Boston; however, it has a community feel to it that the rest of the city doesnt have. It has the opportunity provided by a big city with the feel of a bustling small town. Harvard Square has great food including chains like Panera, Chipotle, and yes, Starbucks. But the local ethnic food places are absolutely a highlight. Whats great is that you will not ever need a car because most of what you need is in walking distance, and there is a great public transport system. Overall, Cambridge is a perfect place to attend university. carriexcullen Emerson College ‘19 Everyone at my college is so open minded and friendly. Because it is a communications school, everyone has similar passions and skills. We are all so eager to be apart of a fellow students work and give a helping hand when needed. Classwork doesnt even feel like work because we are all passionate and full of love for what we do! The campus is right in the heart of Boston. It is beautiful, urban, and within walking distance of so many great locations. Catlady Reed College ‘19 Portland has an amazing food scene. The city is also very trendy and everyone has their own unique style. Reed is interesting in regards to its drug culture. During O-week, senior beer fairies go around handing out cheap beers to freshmanvery different from other schools **** freshmen attitude. Along with that, there are night owls, students that walk around campus at night making sure that everyone is okay and partying responsibly (they hand out water and snacks and stickers and jokes; I love night owls). Reed has also gained notice for its drug culture. Drugs are fairly available here, most notably marijuana, but a slew of others too. Though they are easily accessible, no one is pressured into doing them. Like no one ever. If you dont want to do drugs, you can come to Reed and still have an amazing, fun time. il0913 Vanderbilt University ‘18 My love for Nashville was a huge part of why I applied to Vanderbilt. In fact, I fell in love with Nashville before I fell in love with the Vanderbilt, which is unlike my experience with other schools I toured. During my sophomore year of high school, my mom took me to the Country Music Awards in Nashville. I had never really been to the South before and my initial reaction was very positive. Walking down Broadway, the only word I can use to describe the atmosphere is lively. An entire street of honky tonk stores, live music at every bar, barbecue restaurants, people dancing and singing in the street, flashing lights - the nightlife was amazing. Now that I live in Nashville, there are so many amazing sites to see, restaurants to try and memories to be made. I dont feel like I am lost in a big city, and also dont feel like Im confined to a small college town. I love that the southern culture is evident outside campus, yet only 30% of the student body is from the south so you still get a diverse experience. 1004ac Santa Clara University ‘19 Santa Clara is situated in a very nice neighborhood surrounded with lost of restaurants and friendly people. There would be families on walks in the morning with their children as I walk to class which gives off a friendly and warm atmosphere on campus. Also because of our small class population you really get to know your professor which is immensely helpful when you need help from them. Choosing where to go to college is an incredibly important decision. Make an informed choice by talking to current students on ourmentorship platform. Access 60,000+ successfulcollege application filesuploaded by college students (they get paid when you view them). is a community of students helping students. Our goal is to bring much-needed transparency to higher education.

Airport Security Essays

Airport Security Essays Airport Security Essay Airport Security Essay The section of fatherland security has spent $ 40 billion reconstructing the air power security system since September 11. 2001. Since so airdrome security has changed drastically. changed the whole world’s attitude towards airport security. The terrorist onslaught besides showed the full universe how easy the old system was to pull strings and how much betterment airdromes need before they can genuinely be considered secure. The onslaughts forced the air hose industry to regenerate and beef up their focal point on security. Many airdromes in the U. S. have introduced cultural profiling since September 11. 2001 and the grounds shows this method has helped better airdrome security. The suspects who have since 9/11/01 been picked up are at least largely Arabs ( Gale Airport Security. Opposing Point of views Online Collection ) . Security cheques are non intended to abash or harm anybody ; they are a necessary safeguard to protect all riders including Muslims. Not merely does the TSA maintain an oculus on air hose security around the Earth. but besides they have many different beds of security in our nation’s airdromes. The newest and most polemically is the full organic structure scanner. These x-ray machines strip a individual down to their birthday suit. Airport screeners are now federal employees. Peoples are now holding to wait longer to be able to go through thru security line to look into in. many travellers get pulled aside for full organic structure hunts. There are 40 active full organic structure scanners at 19 different airdromes. by the terminal of the twelvemonth functionaries would wish 500 in topographic point. Today forty five 1000s employees are working as passenger’s screeners in more than four 100 airdromes around the state. Our top precedence is the safety of the going public. and TSA invariably strives to research and implement new engineerings that enhance security and strengthen privateness protections for the going public . ( TSA Takes Next Steps to Further Enhance Passenger Privacy. ) Though airport security was enforced. there was another incident. On Christmas December 25. 2009. a 23 twelvemonth old Nigerian named Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab attempted to explode explosives aboard a Northwest Airlines flight going from Amsterdam to Detroit. Michigan. Abdulmutallab had hidden fictile explosives in his underclothes. which had gone undetected during the rider testing procedure. Abdulmutallab had besides been identified as holding connexion to the terrorist organisation Al-Qaeda less than two months before the attempted bombardment. and his ain male parent had contacted the American embassy in Nigeria to warn them of his son’s extremist beliefs. The lone ground the bombardment Failed was because abdulmutallab did non decently trip the device. and other riders aboard the plane subdued him. Two hebdomads after that incident Obama disposal mandated excess scrutiny- including full organic structure glib downs- for people winging into the United States from 14 largely Moslem states. Under the new regulations. all citizens of Afghanistan. Algeria. Lebanon. Libya. Iraq. Nigeria. Pakistan. Saudi Arabia. Somalia and Yemen must have a rap down and an excess cheque of their carry-on bags before get oning a plane edge for the united provinces. functionaries said. Citizens of Cuba. Iran. Sudan and Syria- states considered state patrons of terrorism ( Airport Security January 6. 2010 ) . Airlines are still responsible for look intoing rider information against government-issued ticker lists intended to flag potentially unsafe travellers. Two of the lists are frequently referred to as the No-Fly ( Airport Security January 6. 2010 ) list. are the Terrorist Watch List . ( Airport Security January 6. 2010 ) and travellers looking on these lists are capable to more elaborate hunt or in the instance of the No Fly list. are denied the ability to go. We should appreciate that the airdrome security is doing our trip safe and unafraid. Any incommodiousness people feel is unimportant compared with salvaging lives by forestalling terrorist onslaughts.

Al Ain Distribution Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Al Ain Distribution Company - Essay Example Al Ain Distribution Company Al Ain is a city found in European Arab Emirates and is the largest of three other cities. It lies in the East of Abu Dhabi bordering Oman. Al Ain city receives rainfall in specific months of the year. The inhabitants of Al Ain experience high temperatures during summer and most of the people prefer living in the desert area. ‘Garden City of the Gulf’ is the nickname given to Al Ain by particular individuals due to the green nature, cleanliness, and well-lined streets, and haven. Late Bars and night clubs in Al Ain offer drinks at a higher cost (Christopher, 2013). Content and Process theories of motivation Motivation is all that individuals are required in order obtain the morale to work hard. Both content and process theories of motivation are of great importance to leaders of specific organizations. Such theories play a role in the behavior of individuals working in different organizations and undertaking different tasks (Cooper et al, 2012 ). Content theories of motivation indicate that the behavior portrayed by individuals at work highly depends on their desires to meet specific needs. Content theories primarily have concerns on the goals and needs of individuals (Andrzej, 2010). There are four content theories namely Hierarchy of needs, ERG (Existence Needs, Relatedness Needs, and Growth Needs) Theory, Two Factor Theory, and Achievement Need Theory. The process theories deal with processes involved in issues of human beings (Seibt, 2003). It involves factors that measure effort of employees, how to improve efforts, and how to transform the behavior of employees. There are three process theories namely Expectancy Theory, Goal Theory, and Adam’s Equity Theory. Expectancy theory asserts that behavior of particular individuals depends on the alertness of the mind. Goal theory indicates that for motivation and performance to be high, managers should set particular objectives (challenging and accepted) and should a vail an outcome of the situation. Equity theory denotes that individuals feel satisfied after observing reasonable rewards in the environment. The management of Al Ain Company uses process theories of motivation in that it asserts on the necessity to set specific goals. This is evident as the management further illustrates the importance of feedback to both the employees and managers (Daft et al, 2010). The most useful theory Determination of the most useful theory is through the behaviors that individuals portray. In organizations, the most appropriate theories to apply are the Process Theories because they focus on how human beings think and behave to get what they want. It is of significance in motivating employees. This is because individuals with set goals put more efforts in their work unlike individuals working under no set objectives. Another reason is that rewards are vital elements in motivation since it is a factor increasing the morale of employees. Motivational techniqu es and rewards used by the company Motivational techniques are tactics used to instill motivation in employees at the workplace (Pride et al, 2012). Some of the techniques praise high performing employees. This is a way to increase employee morale. Motivational rewards are either positive or negative reinforcement. The type of reinforcement determines the ability of employees to perceive tasks that they undertake. The techniques used in the company involve the functional and divisional structures. The

Roman republic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Roman republic - Essay Example The tremendous growth of the Roman Empire has led to the creation of a political division among the The rise of the generals has been facilitated by the social war in Rome, the uprising of the infamous Spartacus, and can also be said to have originated to the Gracchi brothers. It can be recalled that prior to the rise of generals, the ruling class is comprised of senators who often abuse their power in order to pursue their self-will. This was changed after by the Gracchi brothers: â€Å"The emergence, and eventual assassination of the Gracchi brothers, Tiberius and Gaius, is often considered the first major step towards the fall of the Roman Republic† (The Gracci Brothers 1). These brothers have completely altered the political landscape by introducing sweeping economic reforms which are very detrimental to the senatorial class. This move has caused division and created two political factions known as populares and optimates. This eventually led social wars as the sentiments of the poor has been geared toward achieving the freedom from the cruelty and slavery of the upper class. As the causes pursued by the populares become increasingly popular among the common citizens, it should be noted that generals gain more power especially through the election of Gaius Marius who is famous because of his military leadership. The insurrection of the slaves has been highlighted by the revolt of Spartacus, a freeborn provincial from Thrace. It should be noted that Spartacus is a gladiator who has escaped together with 70-80 others at the gladiatorial school of Batiatus in Capua. Spartacus has been very victorious in conquering cities and states in Italy increasing his number of followers to 120,000 at the height of the revolt (Spartacus 10). Having identified himself with the generals or the populares, his revolt highlights the rise of the generals in Rome. I

Dry Yeast and Hydrogen Peroxide Acid Base Catalysis

Dry Yeast and Hydrogen Peroxide Acid Base Catalysis Mateo Rodriguez Abstract   Category: Chemistry The purpose of this experiment was to figure out if either acids or bases accelerate or decelerate the chemical reaction consisting of dry yeast and hydrogen peroxide. I am trying to prove that the more acidic or the more basic the reaction is, the more accelerated the reaction will be. Enzymes are very important to the human body because they speed up chemical reactions without being a part of it. Enzymes are made up of proteins which are important biological compounds in the formation of living organisms. The addition of an acid or base to yeast makes  a certain amount of bubbles to show how acidity or basicness affects the chemical composition  taking place in the reaction with the yeast. Without the addition of an acid or a base, the reaction is harmless to our bodies. The enzyme Catalase is used in everyday life as well. The protein found in the enzyme is easily changeable with the addition of another substance Among the materials that you need to conduct this experiment are five clear containers, a washable spoon, distilled water, a measuring cup, baking soda, lemon juice, and a set of measuring spoons. The six planned concoctions are control with no acids or bases, low-acid with one teaspoon oflemonjuice, high-acid with two teaspoons of lemon juice, low-base with one teaspoon of baking soda, and high-acid with two teaspoons of baking soda. You might even want to try a combination of both the acid and the base. Next, you must add a Y4 cup of hydrogen  peroxide into the glass. Then add a 1teaspoon of dry yeast and the reaction will begin. Record  your results carefully to track this marvelous experiment. In the end, the reactions that were further away from a neutral pH performed in a more decelerated rate. Therefore, the control, low-acid, and low-base reactions performed at a more accelerated rate than the high-acid and the high-base reactions. However, the combination reaction performed at an exponentially better rate than all other reactions. Although all the mixtures performed within the same range (besides the combination), it was simply due to the reactions being at a microcosmic scale. The experiment ended up proving my initial hypothesis completely incorrect. It would probably be a wise idea to use larger amounts in order to get more appreciable results. The bubbles formed because different atoms in the hydrogen peroxide and the dry yeast collided and then bounced away to be farther away than they were in the beginning. This microscopic change appears to us humans in the form ofbubbles. The enzyme Catalase found in dry yeast, is also found in our bodies organs; primarily the liver. What Catalase does in the liver is manage the graying of our hair. The more Catalase the faster our hair will gray, and the less Catalase there is the slower our hair will gray. Since Catalase is found in our crucial organs, doctors and scientists have done experiments to try and manipulate the enzyme. Their experiments primarily consist of the yeast acting against acids and bases as I did in my project. If this experiment were to be done on a more grand scale, it would sure affect and aid us in our everyday lives. Introduction The purpose of this project is to figure out if either acids or bases accelerate or decelerate the chemical reaction consisting of dry yeast and hydrogen peroxide. Enzymes are very  important to the human body because they speed up chemical reactions without being a part of it. This catalysis isnt just found in the human body, its also in most living things on Earth. Enzymes are made up of proteins which are important biological compounds in the formation of living organisms. The addition of an acid or base to yeast makes a certain amount of bubbles to show how acidity or basicness affects the chemical composition taking place in the reaction with the yeast. If you have ever mixed baking soda and lemon juice in an attempt to fight indigestion, you will see a basic chemical reaction between the two. Without the addition of acids or bases, the yeast reaction is quite harmless to our bodies. However, since we consume acids and bases almost every day, its a great idea to enlighten your self on just how our bodies are working. The main goal of this experiment is to fmd out how well the catalase in yeast breaks down acids and bases or vice versa. Hypothesis  and  Background  Research Acids and basses are two very common terms in many scientific fields, such as chemistry. Acids are chemical substances that dissolve some types of metal and turn litmus intro a red color because of them being of a pH lower than seven. They are typically a corrosive or sour-tasting kind of liquid. Bases on the other hand, are usually of a pH higher than seven and are the opposite of acidic substances. They accept hydrogen ions instead of releasing them such as acids do. Bases will also typically turn litmus paper into a sort of blue color. There are several different types of chemical reactions and changes happening around us in our everyday lives. The most common of these reactions occurs when a raw egg turns solid. This happens because an impressive amount of heat is applied to the raw egg which forms longer and stronger chains of protein molecules inside the egg. This reaction and several others that occur in our body rely on enzymes, which are basically special types of catalysts made up of protein. Catalysts are anything that speeds up an action without being used up themselves. Thus, an acid- base catalysis is the acceleration   of a chemical reaction by the addition of an acid or a base with the acid or base itself not being consumed in the reaction. Enzymes are not only found in human bodies, they are found in all types of living things including yeast. Yeast contains the enzyme known as catalase which breaks down the chemical hydrogen peroxide (H202) into  oxygen gas and water. This would be the react ion that will inform us about the amount of  bubbles formed from the acids and bases. This reaction will also show us how much the yeast has to work to break down the hydrogen peroxide when different substances are also added onto the concoction. Proteins can be changed when a specific amount of heat is brought upon it. Since enzymes are made up of proteins, they too can be changed by heat. However, what a majority of people do not know, is that the addition of acids and bases can also affect the way that a protein is put together. Both acid-catalysis and base-catalyzed reactions are used for their own unique purposes. A macrocosmic example of acid catalysis is the reaction and conversion of the hydrocarbon atoms found in petroleum to gasoline, and the creation of silicone. An example of a grand base ­ catalyzed reaction is the creation and conversion of several compounds and molecules used in the creation of foam sponges. The main reasoning behind this investigation is to discover how well the catalase enzyme in yeast can break down hydrogen peroxide after different amounts of acids and bases have been added onto it. For this experiment, my hypothesis is that the more acidic or the more basic the concoction made in the different cups is, the more bubbles will be made and the higher they will get. Procedure Materials The materials you will need for this experiment include: 5 clear glass containers of equal size (beakers or test tubes are ideal) Permanent marker Tape 5 clean spoons Distilled water Small clear cup/glass Baking soda Set of measuring teaspoons Measuring cup Hydrogen peroxide Dry yeast Ruler Lemon juice Variables         Ã‚   1. The rlcpcndent-ormanipulated variable in this experiment is the amount of lemon juice or baking soda poured into the different containers and thus, the acidity or basicity in each container. 2. The iodepor responding variable in this experiment is the height and amount of bubbles formed as a result of the chemical reaction. 3.   The controlled variable or the variable held constant in this experiment is the amount of yeast and the amount of hydrogen peroxide put in each container and the containers themselves. StepbyStep Directions 1. Label the containers: 1- Control, 2- Low Acid, 3- High Acid, 4- Low Base, and 5-High Base. 2. Put a spoon in each of the containers, and make sure to never move a spoon from one container to the other. 3. Add two teaspoons of distilled water to container 1- Control. 4. Stir in 1 4 cup of hydrogen peroxide to container 1-Control. 5. Stir in 1 teaspoon of yeast to container 1- Control. 6. Place the ruler alongside the container, and record the highest height the bubbles reach 7.Of the other containers, record predictions first, and actual results after on a chart. 8.   To create the acidic containers, add one teaspoon oflemonjuice to container 2- Low Acid and two teaspoons oflemonjuice to container 3-High Acid. 9. Add one teaspoon of distilled water to container 2- Low Acid so it is the same volume as con iner 3. 1O.Stir in V4 cup of hydrogen peroxide to containers 2 and 3. ll.Add 1 teaspoon yeast to both container 2 and 3. Stir and observe. 12.Record the maximum height ofthe yeast bubbles. 13.To create the basic containers, add one teaspoon ofthe baking soda solution to container 4- Low Base and two teaspoons of the baking soda solution to container 5- High Base. 14.Add one teaspoon of distilled water to container 4- Low Base so it has the same volume as container 5. 15.Stir in V4 cup ofhydrogen peroxide to containers 4 and 5. 16.Add 1 8 teaspoon of yeast to both container 4 and 5. Stir and observe 17.Record the maximum height ofthe yeast bubbles. (Compare your predictions with your actual observations) Results There were a plethora of things to be discovered from this otherwise simple experiment. The very flrst thing that you have to be aware of to do this experiment is that there will always be a change to an altered chemical reaction, no matter how small the alteration or the result. The result of each and every chemical reaction wasnt very different, but it was enough so that each showed a noticeable change. The temperature for each experiment I conducted stayed at approximately the same level throughout. The original height of the mixture was approximately 1 inch before adding the yeast. I performed three separate trials for each chemical reaction. The results were approximately the same for every trial I conducted of the different concoctions. The initial height of all the concoctions prior to adding yeast was approximately I inch. The constant reaction worked at the most accelerated rate, thus causing more bubbles to form on the mixtures surface. This occurred because of the fact that the enzyme Catalase works best at around pH 7, and this mixture was very near to the neutral pH. The foamy bubbles made the height of the concoction reach approximately 1.5 inches in an average whiskey glass. The bubbles reached their maximum height at a slow rate. This was true for a majority of the reactions. Control Reaction   Ã‚   The acidic reactions reacted in a very similar way to each other. The low-acid reaction acted in a very similar way to the control reaction in every single trial I conducted. The bubbles in this reaction reached a slightly lower height than that of the control reaction; approximately 1.2 inches. The pH of this composition was slightly more acidic; about a 6 or 5 on the pH scale. The pH being lower is what caused the bubbles to perform in a more decelerated rate. The high-acid reaction also performed at a lesser magnitude than the control reaction. The height of the bubbles reached a height of slightly more than 1 inch. Due to the fact that the high-acid reaction had a lower pH and strayed further from the desired neutral status, it performed the worst of all the reactions thus far. However, this reaction reached its maximum height in a shorter amount of time. Low-Acid  Reaction  High-AcidReaction The low-base mixture reacted in approximately the same way as the low-acid mixture. This is because the two mixtures were the same amount of pH away from the desired neutral pH. This concoction was at a pH of roughly 9 or 10. The height ofthis mixture was approximately 1.2 inches. Even though the amount of acid or base added to the mixture was the same, the one teaspoon of baking soda raised the pH more than the one teaspoon of lemon juice lowered the pH because the baking soda is a powder. It being a powder allows for the individual molecules of the substance to spread around the mixture more than the tangy lemon juice could. The high-base mixture reacted in a very similar way to the high-acid mixture. Again, this was because they  were the same amount away from a neutral pH. The pH of the high-base concoction was a pH of approximately 11 or 12. The maximum height of this mixture reached slightly more than 1 inch. This blend also reached its maximum height in a shorter amount of time than the others. Low-Base  Reaction  High-Base  Reaction Due to the fact that the different reactions reacted in quite a similar way to one another, I decided to conduct an additional experiment. This one consisted of one teaspoon of lemon juice and one teaspoon of baking soda in the beginning. This was to discover if a mixture of the two would accelerate or decelerate the Catalase reaction. I had previous knowledge that a mixture of baking soda and lemon juice resulted in a foamy liquid that helped with indigestion and to fight off minor cancer cells, so I put it to the test with the catalytic enzyme. This concoction reacted in a way like no other. The maximum height of the reaction was approximately 5 inches. This reaction also reached its maximum height quicker than any other reaction. The initial foam of the mixture of the acid and the base caused the yeast bubbles to be larger and whiter in color in comparison to the other reactions. Estimated  Height  of  Yeast  Bubbles Actual  Height  of  Yeast  Bubbles Control 2in. 1.5 in. Low-Acid 3 in. 1.3 in. High-Acid 4in. 1.1in. Low-Base 3.3 in. 1.35 in. High-Base 4.4in. 1.15 in. Combination 5 in. 2.5 in. Conclusion The results proved my hypothesis completely incorrect. I believed that the further away from neutral the concoctions got, the more accelerated the reaction would be. However, the complete opposite to what I believed turned out to be true. I was very surprised to see that every  planned reaction gave approximately the same results. That was why I decided to conduct an  experiment with usually counteracting substances; the acid and the ba::}if I were to do this  experiment again, I would use larger amounts in order to get larger and more visible results. The most plausible explanation of the yeast reaction is that the bubbles formed because the hydrogen and oxide atoms collided with the Catalase in the yeast and then bounced away. Due to the fact that the molecules bounced apart, a larger microscopic gap formed between the atoms. The way us humans see this minuscule separation is in the form of the Catalase bubbles. The way that this reaction could help us in our everyday lives i s actually quite simple. Catalase is found in a majority of human bodies; especially in the liver. What Catalase does in the human body is that  if there is more of it in the liver, your hair will gray at a slower rate or not at all, and if there is not a lot of Catalase in your liver, then your hair will grow at an exponential rate. Due to the fact that Catalase is found in one of our crucial organs, doctors and scientists have conducted  experiments to try and manipulate the enzyme in order to treat ailments in that region of the bodese experiments were simply on a microcosmic scale, which did not allow them to  perform in such a notable and appreciable way. However, on a larger scale, this type of catalysis would be truly helpful in our everyday needs. Bibliography Gray, Theodore. Molecules:TheElementsandtheArchitectureofEverything.New York City: Black Dog Leventhal, 2014. Print. Touchette, Betty. (2014, May 01). AcidBaseCatalysis. /www.education.com/science-fair/article/acids-bases-affect-enzyme-action/> Ruiz, Brianna. (2015, September 10). AcidandBaseCatalysis. Goodsell, David. (2004, September). PDB101:Catalase. 15

Sunset Boulevard

Yes, Norma Is That Crazy Sunset Boulevard constantly and persistently advances the theme that Hollywood creates movie stars that become engrossed with their own fame and then abandons them, leaving behind only their outlandish and outdated fantasies. The case of Norma Desmond is no different. Her out-of-touch relationship with reality is given form through her desire to make her â€Å"greatest picture yet. † The segment of Sunset Boulevard that will be analyzed in this essay is significant because, through the use and interplay of cinematography, editing, elements of Mise-en-Scene, and the dialogue, Norma’s delusions are highlighted and magnified.The first few moments of part one of the segment use specific elements of Mise-en-Scene and the dialogue to begin the reinforcement of Norma’s delusions. As her lavish and fanciful car pulls up to the studio door, Norma asks Joe if he would like to accompany her into the studio to meet with Cecil B. DeMille, but Joe refu ses. Joe is dressed fairly normally whereas Norma is wearing a fancy coat and hat to match her equally fancy car. This use of the costumes and makeup suggest that Norma is somehow out of place or out of time because her clothes do not match the occasion.When Joe declines to join Norma in the studio, he explicitly states, â€Å"It’s your script, it’s your show. † This part of the dialogue seems to suggest a separation between Norma and Joe. Norma is excited to meet with DeMille and discuss her movie whereas Joe is content to wait outside with Max and the car – Norma is alone. The next few moments of part one also contain some key lines of dialogue that seem to emphasize the anachronism of Norma Desmond and her fantasies. As she is hugged and greeted by DeMille, she recalls the last time the two had been together.She describes the time as â€Å"very gay,† suggesting that it is a very happy memory. She also remembers waving to DeMille and dancing on a table. It would seem that Norma still associates her relationship with DeMille, and consequently her career as a movie star, with fantastic memories of the past. DeMille mentions that many other people were dancing on tables as well, since Charles Lindbergh had just landed in Paris. This seems to suggest that Norma’s experience (and consequently, her past) is not s special and unique as she would like to believe, but Norma seems ignorant to this subtle suggestion because she is still engrossed by that memory. In the next section of part one, the dialogue between and the behavior of Norma and DeMille heightens the disparity of understanding between the two Hollywood greats. Norma behaves like classic Norma – pretentious with an inflated sense of self-importance. DeMille seems to be walking a line between careful respect and impatience.When Norma asks if he has read her script, DeMille waits for her to break eye contact before looking down and admitting in a rather exas perated and annoyed tone, â€Å"Yes, I did. † DeMille’s facial expression as he says this is key to understanding the distance between him and Norma. He is somewhere between anger, impatience, and confusion, whereas Norma is looking off-screen, seeming quite pleased with herself. DeMille leaves Norma in his director’s chair as he tells one of his assistants to get him on the phone with Gordon Cole, whose calls lead to Norma’s arrival at the studio.The difference between DeMille’s and Norma’s facial expressions and tone reinforce the idea that Norma is living in a fantasy and is separated from reality. The next section of part one uses costumes, lighting, and specific shot angles to reinforce Norma’s delusions about her current importance. A high angle shot of Norma in DeMille’s director’s chair is combined with the use of a spotlight to further Norma’s fantasies about her current importance. When the lighting man puts the spotlight on Norma and exclaims that it’s Norma Desmond for everyone in the studio to hear, the people in the studio surround Norma.Most are dressed for the picture that is being made by DeMille, but there are also a few policemen and normal people as well. The crowd around Norma that is showering her with affection is almost entirely comprised of people in strange clothes. This would seem to suggest that Norma’s sense of self-importance isn’t based in reality. Rather, it is a product of the fantasy world she lives in. In the final moments of part one, non-diegetic music is combined with the dialogue to show that Norma has no idea why she was being called by Gordon Cole.While DeMille is on the telephone with Cole, non-diegetic music is used to heighten the tension and suggest that a revelation is about to be made about the true purpose of the calls to Norma. When Gordon reveals that he was only interested in renting Norma’s luxurious car for a pi cture that is being made, a sudden burst of non-diegetic music is inserted. This music accentuates the difference between Norma Desmond’s reality and actual reality. DeMille pops the fantasy bubble Norma is in by breaking up the crowd of her fans around her and getting the spotlight taken off her.Norma’s fantasy is contrasted with DeMille’s reality when he tries to explain the mix up. She begins weeping out of gratitude for her fans whereas DeMille is trying to let her down as easily as possible. He highlights how detached Norma is when he says that pictures have changed quite a bit since she had been a star. The first half of part two uses cinematography to contrast the Norma’s past and the present. As Max tells Joe about Norma’s old dressing rooms, the camera remains on the car. Joe doesn’t look up at the offices. He doesn’t even seem all that interested in Max’s story.Only when Joe notices Betty does the shot cut away from t he car. Max is still talking but Joe is much more interested in Betty. This use of shot control seems to suggest that Norma and Max’s past is irrelevant to Joe – all he cares about is Betty. The second half of part two uses dialogue to reveal to Max the true nature of the Paramount visit, which shows just how deluded Norma is. Two studio workers walk up to the car as Max is waiting for Joe and Norma to return and ask if they can take a look at the â€Å"funny old car Gordon Cole was talking about. † Max defensively asks what is so funny about the car.He cannot seem to notice how very out-of-place and out-of-time the car is, just as Norma is. The first section of part three uses lighting to contrast with part one. In part one, the inside of the studio is very dark, whereas part three is lighted very well. Betty’s office is well-lit through the open windows and doors, which seems to suggest an air of new life and positivity. DeMille’s studio is quite dark while Norma is present. This contrast seems to highlight the difference between reality and fantasy. Joe and Betty are living in reality – their lives are healthy and growing towards the future, hereas Norma is still living in her past fantasy. Throughout part three, the cinematography and editing, the choice between reality with Betty and fantasy with Norma for Joe is highlighted. Whenever there is a significant portion of Betty’s window visible in the shot, Norma’s car is also visible through the window. As Betty and Joe discuss how to fix up Betty’s script, we can still see the studio workers walking around the car, examining it. Part three also makes significant use of diegetic sound and dialogue to contrast fantasy with reality.As Betty asks Joe to meet with her to work on the script, a car horn begins to honk, calling Joe back to Norma’s fantasy world. Joe takes heed and tries to wrap up the meeting with Betty as soon as possible. Betty , however, is quite insistent and pesters Joe to meet with her. The longer she keeps Joe waiting, the longer and louder the car horn honking becomes. This seems to suggest that Norma’s fantasy world is calling Joe back, keeping him from fully engaging with the present reality. Part four mostly uses non-diegetic sound and music to finish the contrast between reality and Norma’s fantasy.After Max explains to Joe the true reason for the Paramount calls, the camera immediately cuts to Norma and DeMille exiting the studio through the same door they entered earlier in the segment. As Norma insists she isn’t worried about anything and DeMille tries to ship her off without indicating his knowledge of the situation, dark and mysterious music plays. Everyone knows except Norma – not that she cares. Norma is stuck in her fantasy world, convinced that it will become reality. She never picks up on the subtle clues that DeMille gives throughout their interaction that h e has no intention of making a movie with her again.Sunset Boulevard’s theme that Hollywood creates movie stars that become engrossed with their own fame and then abandons them, leaving behind only their outlandish and outdated fantasies, is excellently exemplified through Norma Desmond. Her out-of-touch relationship with reality is given form through her desire to make her â€Å"greatest picture yet. † This segment of Sunset Boulevard is significant because, through the use and interplay of cinematography, editing, elements of Mise-en-Scene, and the dialogue, Norma’s delusions are highlighted and magnified.